Meta-analysis of efficacy of parent training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Objective To assess the efficacy of parent training(PT)on attention deficit hyperac-tivity disorder(ADHD)symptoms,behavioral problems,and parenting stress in child with ADHD or ADHD symptoms.Methods Randomized controlled trials of the effect of PT on ADHD symptoms in Chinese chil-dren with ADHD or ADHD symptoms were collected by PsychINFO,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of science,Scopus,China National Knowledge database,WanFang database,the China Science andTechnology Journal Database and the China Biology Medicine disc.The quality of the included studies was evaluated by version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trial.Forest plots were drawn using Review Manager 5.4.1,sensitivity analyses of results were performed using Stata 18.0 to assess the stability of the results,and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test.Results A total of 10 studies containing 571 subjects in the experimental group and 562 subjects in the control group met the inclusion ex-elusion criteria.Significant differences were observed in various measures,including overall ADHD symptoms(MD=-2.43,95％CI:-3.95-0.91),inattention(MD=-1.10,95％CI:-1.94--0.26),hyperactivity/impulsivity(SMD=-0.58,95％CI:-0.87--0.28),overall conduct problems(SMD=-0.80,95％CI:-1.05--0.55),conduct problem(SMD=-1.34,95％CI:-2.31--0.37),learning problem(SMD=-0.81,95％CI:-1.40--0.23),impulsivity/hyperactivity(SMD=-0.53,95％CI:-0.78--0.29),hyper-activity index(SMD=-1.27,95％CI:-1.99--0.55),parenting stress index(SMD=-0.69,95％CI:-1.12--0.26),difficult child(MD=-1.96,95％CI:-3.44--0.48),dysfunctional interaction(MD=-3.10,95％CI:-4.43--1.78),and parenting distress(MD=-3.35,95％CI:-4.59--2.12)(all P＜0.05).However,no significant differences were observed in oppositional-defiant disorder,anxiety,or somatic problem.Conclusions The initial findings suggested that PT was effective for Chinese children with ADHD or ADHD symptoms.The addition of PT appeared to improve core symptoms of ADHD(inattention and hy-peractivity/impulsivity),conduct problems,and parental stress more effectively than routine care alone.
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