摘要
帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是一种慢性进行性神经系统退行性疾病,通常会导致运动障碍(肌张力增高、静止性震颤、运动迟缓、姿势平衡障碍等)和其他多种非运动症状(睡眠障碍、焦虑抑郁、认知障碍和自主神经系统功能障碍等).目前主要以药物对症治疗为主,另外一些非药物治疗方法也尤为重要,如心理干预疗法、康复治疗、神经调控技术、生物传感器与监测技术等.但这些都属于对症治疗,目前还不能彻底治愈PD,并且也存在很多局限性.然而一些有前景的新技术与新疗法如光遗传学技术、药物递送系统、干细胞治疗、基因疗法、免疫治疗、神经保护、改善肠道菌群失调等研究,有希望改善PD症状,甚至让治愈PD成为可能.因此本文对目前PD的药物治疗和非药物治疗现状及新进展进行了综述,并对未来有前景的治疗技术进行了展望.
Abstract
Parkinson disease(PD)is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that typical-ly leads to motor impairments(such as increased muscle tone,resting tremors,bradykinesia and postural in-stability)and various non-motor symptoms(including sleep disturbances,anxiety,depression,cognitive im-pairments and autonomic nervous system dysfunction).Currently,symptomatic treatment primarily relies on medication,but non-pharmacological approaches are also crucial,such as psychological interventions,rehabil-itation therapies,neurostimulation techniques,biosensors and monitoring technologies.However,these are all symptomatic treatments,as PD cannot be completely cured at present and there are many limitations.Never-theless,some promising new therapies such as optogenetics,drug delivery systems,stem cell therapy,gene therapy,immunotherapy,neuroprotection,and interventions to improve gut microbiota imbalance offer hope for alleviating PD symptoms and potentially making a cure for PD achievable in the future.This article provides an overview of the current status and recent advancements in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for Parkinson disease,as well as prospects for future promising therapeutic technologies.
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