Current status and progress of Parkinson disease treatment
Parkinson disease(PD)is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that typical-ly leads to motor impairments(such as increased muscle tone,resting tremors,bradykinesia and postural in-stability)and various non-motor symptoms(including sleep disturbances,anxiety,depression,cognitive im-pairments and autonomic nervous system dysfunction).Currently,symptomatic treatment primarily relies on medication,but non-pharmacological approaches are also crucial,such as psychological interventions,rehabil-itation therapies,neurostimulation techniques,biosensors and monitoring technologies.However,these are all symptomatic treatments,as PD cannot be completely cured at present and there are many limitations.Never-theless,some promising new therapies such as optogenetics,drug delivery systems,stem cell therapy,gene therapy,immunotherapy,neuroprotection,and interventions to improve gut microbiota imbalance offer hope for alleviating PD symptoms and potentially making a cure for PD achievable in the future.This article provides an overview of the current status and recent advancements in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for Parkinson disease,as well as prospects for future promising therapeutic technologies.
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