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人乳寡糖对儿童神经发育的作用

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人乳寡糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)作为母乳中含量占比第三的固体营养成分,在婴幼儿早期生长发育中发挥重要作用,HMOs不仅参与免疫系统的发育、维持炎症平衡、调节肠道菌群、参与消化系统的成熟,还参与大脑神经系统的完善以及学习、记忆功能等高级认知功能的发育.但HMOs在调控神经发育过程中扮演怎样的角色尚不清楚.近年来,相关研究集中于菌群-肠-脑轴的作用机制,提示肠-脑之间存在切实的互作方式.HMOs通过这一机制参与儿童神经认知及疾病的生物学进程的研究也有较多报道.本文综述了 HMOs的结构特征、种属特异性,并从菌群-肠-脑轴视角出发浅析HMOs在婴幼儿神经系统发育中的潜在作用路径.
Role of human milk oligosaccharides in childhood neurodevelopment
Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs),as the third most abundant solid nutrient in breast milk,are critical for early infants growth.HMOs are not only involved in the development of the im-mune system,maintaining inflammation balance,regulating gut microbiota,and participating in the maturation of the digestive system,but also in the improvement of the brain's nervous system and the development of ad-vanced cognitive functions such as learning and memory.However,the role of HMOs in regulating neural de-velopment remains unclear.Related studies have focused on the mechanism of the microbiota-gut-brain axis,indicating that there is a practical interaction between the gut and brain.The function of HMOs in children's neurocognition and the biological process of disorders via this mechanism has also been preliminary reported.This review aims to review the structural characteristics and species-specific characteristics of HMOs,and an-alyze the potential pathways of HMOs in infant nervous system development from the perspective of the micro-biota-gut-brain axis.

Human milk oligosaccharidesNeurodevelopmentCognitionGut-brain axisInfants

董佳敏、杨心怡、莫锦灵、张琴芬、张雯婷

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南通大学附属常州儿童医院,儿科中心实验室,常州 213003

南通大学附属常州儿童医院,儿童健康研究中心,常州 213003

常州市气管炎研究所药学研究室,常州 213003

人乳寡糖 神经发育 认知功能 肠-脑轴 婴幼儿

国家自然科学基金国家科技部科技创新2030——"脑科学与类脑研究"重大项目中国博士后科学基金常州市科技计划(社会发展支撑)南京医科大学常州医学中心重点项目南通大学临床研究专项

818014932021ZD02005152021M700546CE20235066CMCM2023142019LY029

2024

10.3760/cma.j.cn371468-20240407-00155

中华行为医学与脑科学杂志
中华医学会 济宁医学院

中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.472
ISSN：1674-6554
年,卷(期)：2024.33(10)