Advances in the neural mechanisms of social disorders in autism
Social impairment is one of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),which seriously affects patients'daily life.Using optogenetics,functional magnetic resonance imaging and other techniques,significant progress has been made in the study of the anatomical structure of the brain,functional connectivity and neural circuits in ASD patients.This study reviews the latest findings on the neural mecha-nisms of social impairment in ASD.In terms of the structure of brain regions,patients with ASD have struc-tural abnormalities in key brain regions such as the putamen,amygdala and nucleus accumbens,and these ab-normalities may affect emotion regulation and reward processing functions.In terms of the functional connec-tivity of brain regions,functional connectivity abnormalities of the brain in patients with ASD may lead to dys-functional social behaviors.Further analysis revealed that abnormalities in neural circuits involving the pre-frontal cortex,ventral tegmental area,hippocampus,and cerebellum were closely associated with social defi-cits in ASD patients.Meanwhile,abnormal synaptic function and imbalance of the neurotransmitter system are also considered to be important pathological mechanisms for social deficits in ASD patients.These find-ings allow for a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social deficits in ASD patients and provide a scientific basis for developing targeted interventions to improve the social function and quality of life of ASD patients.
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