Anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT-2)inhibitors comprise a new class of oral hypoglycemic agents that promote the excretion of urine sugar and reduce blood sugar mainly by inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in proximal renal tubules.Numerous clinical studies have found that SGLT-2 inhibitors have good effects on cardiovascular system.At the same time,many basic studies have found that a variety of SGLT-2 inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in both cellular and animal models,and the cardiovascular protective mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting inflammatory response.For example,canagliflozin inhibits inflammatory response by enhancing anti-inflammatory signaling pathways such as AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS).Dapagliflozin significantly reduces t he expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and promotes the polarization of macrophages towards anti-inflammatory phenotype.Empagliflozin reduces cardiac inflammation in diabetes cardiomyopathy,hypertension,and heart failure models.
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorcardiovascular systeminflammatorymolecular mechanisms of pharmacological action
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