Progress in research and application of local anti-glaucoma drugs
Glaucoma,a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide,primarily involves pathological elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP),which is its main risk factor,so the clinical goal in treating glaucoma is to reduce IOP to individual target levels.Currently,the classical local anti-glaucoma drugs include five categories:prostaglandin analogues(PGAs),β-adrenergic receptor blockers,α2-adrenergic receptor agonists,carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,and cholinergic receptor agonists.These drugs mainly work by reducing aqueous humor production,increasing aqueous outflow through the trabecular pathway and the uveal scleral pathway,and contracting the pupil sphincter to open the chamber angle.Among these,PGAs have become the preferred choice for controlling IOP in primary open-angle glaucoma patients due to their efficacy and safety.In recent years,the introduction of novel glaucoma medications,including Rho kinase inhibitors and nitric oxide-donating anti-glaucoma drugs,along with the development of related drug-releasing formulations(intraocular and extraocular drug delivery systems),offers new options for glaucoma treatment.
glaucomaintraocular pressureprostaglandin analoguesRho kinase inhibitorsnitric oxide donorssustained release gel
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