A Breakthrough of Subject:The Contribution of Birmingham School to Critical Pedagogy
The evolution of critical pedagogy from theory of reproduction to the theory of resistance showed the transformation of understanding in the fundamental dispute of structure-action,which is significantly influ-enced by Birmingham School."Reproduction theory"brought a new horizon to pedagogy,but led critical pedago-gy into a predicament of structural determinism.After the turn to Gramsci,the subculture study in Birmingham School,demonstrated the existence of resistance under the domination of hegemony,which embodies the subjecti-vity of human beings.After the theoretical travel of British cultural studies to the United States in the 1980s,Mi-chael W.Apple,Henry Giroux and other scholars developed a new theory of resistance and gained the dominant discourse of theory of reproduction.Cultural studies bring back the subjectivity of actors in critical pedagogy,reali-zing.the leap of critical pedagogy from theoretical criticism to practical transformation.
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