Objective Explore the MUC1 and MMP-7 inesophageal carcinoma development and its clinical significance. Methods By immunohis-tochemistry(IHC) method we determined 84 cases of cancer tissue and 22 cases of neighboring noncancerous tissue samples of MUC1 and MMP-7 protein expression levels. We found the relationship between the degree of differentiation and other clinical and pathological features. Results Positive expression of MUC1 and MMP-7 respectively in the ESCC 66.67% and 53.57%, and positive expression rate of normal control group 18.18% and 4.55%than the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01); and invasive depth related(r=0.608, P <0.01). Conclusion The expression of MUC1 and MMP-7 in postoperative ESCC levels associated with development and invasion and metastasis of ESCC, as an important reference to ESCC biological behavior and prognosis indicators to judge the development direction of ESCC is of great value.