首页|氮肥运筹对旱地胡麻氮代谢及氮肥利用的调控效应

氮肥运筹对旱地胡麻氮代谢及氮肥利用的调控效应

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为进一步提高西北旱区胡麻氮肥利用效率,降低化肥投入量,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,以不施氮为对照,研究了3个施氮水平(N1:60 kg·hm-2;N2:120 kg·hm-2;N3:180 kg·hm-2)和3个施肥时期(T1:全部基施;T2:2/3基施+1/3现蕾初期追施;T3:1/3基施+1/3分茎初期追施+1/3现蕾初期追施)互作对旱地胡麻氮代谢及氮肥利用率的调控效应.结果表明:随氮肥施用量增加,胡麻叶片氮代谢酶活性、氮素积累、氮素转运及籽粒产量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,胡麻氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力则呈降低的趋势.从同一氮肥水平不同施肥时期来看,上述指标均表现为T2处理最高.氮肥综合运筹表现为N2T2处理的胡麻氮代谢酶(硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶)活性和氮素积累量分别较传统模式(N3T1)显著提高.其中,硝酸还原酶提高14.21%～34.93%,亚硝酸还原酶提高18.66%～29.27%,谷氨酰胺合成酶提高14.92%～55.82%,氮素积累量提高10.63%～36.74%;较不施氮对照分别显著提高22.75%～54.84%、23.62%～69.81%、43.61%～78.09%和23.33%～57.88%.籽粒产量、氮素籽粒生产效率、花前氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率均在N2T2处理较高,分别较其它处理平均提高14.35%、4.20%%、28.45%和17.37%.相关分析表明,胡麻氮素积累量与氮代谢酶活性、氮素转运、籽粒产量、氮肥利用效率呈极显著正相关关系.可见,120 kg·hm-2氮肥按2/3基施+1/3现蕾初期追施可显著提高胡麻氮代谢酶活性和氮肥利用效率,可作为实现旱地胡麻高效生产的氮肥运筹模式.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on N metabolism and utilization of oilseed flax in dryland
To further improve the N utilization efficiency of oilseed flax,and to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer input in the northwest arid region,field two-factor split plot experiment was carried out to study the regula-tory effects of 3 N application levels(N1:60 kg·hm-2;N2:120 kg·hm-2;N3:180 kg·hm-2)and 3 application periods(T1:all basal;T2:2/3 basal +1/3 topdressing at the beginning of bud emergence;T3:1/3 basal +1/3 topdressing at the beginning of stem division +1/3 topdressing at the beginning of bud emergence)on N metabolism and N fertiliz-er utilization efficiency of oilseed flax in dryland.Results showed that the activities of N metabolism enzymes,leaf N accumulation and transport and grain yield increased and then decreased with N fertilizer application.At the same time,N agronomy efficiency and partial N productivity decreased.During the fertilization periods,the above indicators were the highest under T2 treatment.The comprehensive operation of N fertilizer showed that under N2T2 treatment,the activities of N metabolizing enzymes(nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase and glutamine synthe-tase)and N accumulation were significantly increased by 14.21-34.93%,18.66-29.27%,14.92-55.82%and 10.63-36.74%compared with the traditional model(N3T1),and were increased dramatically by 22.75-54.84%,23.62-69.81%,43.61-78.09%and 23.33-57.88%compared with no N application(CK).The grain yield,N utiliza-tion efficiency in grain,pre-anthesis N transport and their contribution to grain were higher under N2T2 treatment,which was 14.35%,4.20%,28.45%and 17.37%higher than other treatments on average.The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between N accumulation and N metabolism enzyme activity,N transport,grain yield,and N utilization efficiency.In conclusion,application of 120 kg·hm-2 N fertilizer at the rate of 2/3 bas-al +1/3 topdressing at the beginning of budding stage could significantly improve N metabolism enzyme activities and N fertilizer utilization efficiency of oilseed flax,which might be used as a N fertilizer operation mode to achieve efficient production in dryland.

oilseed flaxnitrogen fertilizer applicationenzyme activity of nitrogen metabolismnitrogen ac-cumulationnitrogen utilization efficiency

景娜、高玉红、张巧霞、文明、崔政军、吴兵、剡斌、王一帆

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甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730070

甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州,730070

甘肃亚盛种业研究院,甘肃 兰州,730070

甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州,730070

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胡麻 氮肥运筹 氮代谢酶活性 氮素积累 氮肥利用率

甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目中央引导地方科技发展专项基金现代农业产业技术体系甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目甘肃省教育科技创新项目

2021CYZC-38ZCYD-2021-12CARS-14-1-16GSCS-2020-Z6Gaufx-02J052021CXZX-366

2024

10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022268

中国油料作物学报
中国农业科学院油料作物研究所

中国油料作物学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.296
ISSN：1007-9084
年,卷(期)：2024.46(1)
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