不同密度单粒精播对花生开花动态及结实特性的影响
Effect of different densities of single-seed sowing on flowering dynamics and fruiting characteristics of peanut
梁晓艳 1付娆 2李佳佳 2衣葵花 2唐朝辉 3郭峰 3王建国 3张佳蕾 3万书波3
作者信息
- 1. 山东省蚕业研究所/功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,山东 烟台,264002;山东省农业科学院黄河三角洲现代农业研究院,山东 东营,257091
- 2. 山东省蚕业研究所/功能作物种质创新与栽培利用山东省工程研究中心,山东 烟台,264002
- 3. 山东省农业科学院,山东 济南,250100
- 折叠
摘要
为探讨不同密度单粒精播对花生开花动态及结实特性的影响,以普通大花生品种花育25为材料,在行距相同的条件下设置4个处理,包括单粒播分别为株距9 cm、12 cm和15 cm,折合播种密度分别为27.8万株·hm-2(S9)、20.8万株·hm-2(S12)和16.7万株 hm-2(S15)3个处理,和双粒播27.8万株·hm-2(D18,穴距18 cm)1个处理,研究不同密度单粒精播对花生开花习性、果针形成、荚果发育动态、结实范围及产量的影响.结果表明,与双粒播相比,不同密度单粒播均可不同程度地促进花生早开花、多开花,增加有效果针数,促进荚果发育,低密度条件下,效果最为显著;从群体指标看,20.8万株·hm-2的单粒精播模式下,花生开花数、有效果针数、结果数最多,荚果体积最大,荚果饱满度高,产量水平最高.不同密度单粒精播改变了花生的结实范围和荚果空间分布,密度降低,结实范围增加,但不同处理荚果干重(95%以上)仍主要分布在半径6.0 cm以内的空间范围内,密度20.8万株·hm-2(株距12.0 cm)的单粒精播条件下,结实范围与半株距接近,更有利于群体间荚果的均匀分布.
Abstract
To improve peanut yield,density effect of single-seed sowing was explored on flowering dynamics and fruiting characteristics.A common large peanut variety Huayu 25 was used as material,4 treatments of single-seed sowing of 278 000 plants·hm-2(S9,plant spacing 9 cm),208 000 plants·hm-2(S12,plant spacing 12 cm),167 000 plants·hm-2(S15,plant spacing 15 cm)and double-seed sowing of 278 000 plants·hm-2(D18,plant spacing 18 cm)were set under the same row spacing.Differences were investigated on flowering habits,needle formation,pod development dynamics,pod setting range and yield of peanut.Results showed that different densities of single-seed sowing could all promote peanut early flowering,with more flowerings.They increased the number of effective nee-dles and promoted pod development to different degrees.The effect was most obvious under low density conditions.From the perspective of population indicators,under single-seed precision sowing mode of 208 000 plants·hm-2,peanuts have the highest number of flowerings,effective needles,and pods,the largest pod volume,pod fullness,and the highest yield level.Different densities of single-seed sowing changed pod setting range and pod spatial dis-tribution of peanuts.The pod setting range increased with the decrease of density.However,most of the pods(more than 95%)in each treatment were still distributed within the spatial range of 6.0 cm radius.Under single-seed sow-ing of 208 000 plants·hm-2(plant spacing 12.0 cm),the pod setting range was close to half of plant spacing which was more conducive to uniform distribution of pod among populations.
关键词
花生/单粒精播/密度/开花动态/结实特性Key words
peanut/single-seed sowing/density/flowering dynamic/fruiting characteristics引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1000105)
国家自然科学基金(32201917)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022QC124)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QD157)
山东省"泰山学者"项目(tsqn202211275)
山东省"泰山学者"项目(tspd20221107)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据