Effects of straw returning method and sowing depth on physiological characteristics of summer peanut
In order to explore the effects of sowing depth and different wheat straw return methods on peanut seedling physiological characteristics,photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation,a wheat-peanut an-nual positioning experiment was set up.The peanut seasons were designed with split-plot experiments.The main ar-ea was wheat straw returning methods,including moldboard plow tillage with wheat residue returning(P),rotary till-age with wheat residue returning(R),no tillage with wheat residue mulching(N);split area was peanut varieties,as large peanut Shanhua 108(B)and small peanut Shanhua 106(S);split zone was sowing depth,with 3 cm(3),5 cm(5),9 cm(9),15 cm(15)in 2021 and 3 cm(3),6 cm(6),9 cm(9)in 2022.Results showed that under the same straw-returning method,both varieties had significantly increased plant root vigour under shallow sowing(depth of 3 and 6 cm),and root vigour of both varieties under different straw-returning methods showed the trend of mold-board plow tillage>rotary tillage>no-tillage,which indicated that moldboard plow tillage and straw return was more favourable to root development in the seedling stage of peanut.Relative chlorophyll content of leaf blades(as well as relative content of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase)under plow tillage with full straw incor-poration versus rotary tillage with full straw incorporation methods showed a wave from first increase and then de-crease with the sowing depth.Both varieties had higher chlorophyll content,sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities,under the conditions of appropriate shallow sowing(3 and 6 cm).Compared with no-tillage(N),plow tillage(P)and rotary tillage(R)improved net photosynthetic rate of leaf blades and dry matter accumulation.Under the different returning ways,higher height and length of main stems of both varieties showed in an order of plow tillage>rotary tillage>no-tillage.In both plow and rotary tillage,the strongest seedling index of the 2 variet-ies reached the highest under shallow sowing(3 and 6 cm),which was favourable to strong seedlings.Therefore,the plow tillage with full straw treatment was beneficial to improve root vigour,photosynthetic performance and seedling index of peanut,and the appropriate sowing depths were 5-6 cm(for large peanut)and 3 cm(for small peanut).
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