云南特色花生绿色高效生产技术集成应用
Integrated application of green and efficient production technology of Yunnan characteristic peanut
张立帆 1陆建美 2张玉松 1舒兴香 3陈晓艳 4刘珏 5原小燕1
作者信息
- 1. 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南 昆明,650205
- 2. 砚山县农业技术推广中心,云南 砚山,663199
- 3. 东川区经济作物技术推广站,云南 昆明,654100
- 4. 大理州农业科学研究院,云南 大理,671005
- 5. 德宏州农业技术推广中心,云南 德宏,678400
- 折叠
摘要
据国家统计局数据显示,云南花生单产低,约为全国花生单产(3.92 t/hm2)的50%,严重阻碍了云南花生生产和产业发展.为提高云南的花生单产,增加效益,本文集成了"因地制宜机械化生产"、"种子包衣"、"增密播种"、"专用缓(控)释肥高效施肥"、"主要病虫害绿色高效防控"等关键核心技术,初步建立了云南特色花生绿色高效生产技术体系.该体系的应用成效显著,2022-2023年建成了技术集成核心示范区3377 hm2,示范区花生平均单产达到5.37 t/hm2,是目前云南平均单产的2.73倍,平均产值达到120 791元/hm2,同时减少约30%的化肥施用量,减少约55人/hm2的劳动力投入,达到了节本、提质和增效的目的,为云南花生单产提升贡献了重要的科技力量.本文还提出了未来云南特色花生生产的发展方向,以期为花生生产提单产和增效益提供参考.
Abstract
According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics,peanut unit yield in Yunnan is only about 50%of the national average,which seriously challenged the production and development of Yunnan peanuts.In or-der to improve yield and economic benefits,this paper summarizes the main contents of the green and efficient pro-duction technology system for characteristic peanuts in Yunnan.This system integrates core technologies including mechanized production adapted to local conditions,seed coating,dense planting,efficient fertilization with special-ized slow-release(controlled-release)fertilizers,and green and efficient control of major diseases and pests.The ap-plication of this system has achieved remarkable results.In the core demonstration area completed in 2022-2023,which covering 3377 hm2,peanut average yield reached 5.37 t/hm2,2.73 times of Yunnan average.Average output value reached 120 791 CNY/hm2.In the area,chemical fertilizers use was simultaneously reduced by about 30%,with labor input in one hectare of 55 less than before.The application of this system has achieved the goals of cost-saving,quality improvement,and efficiency enhancement,contributing significant scientific and technological strength to the development of Yunnan peanuts industry.
关键词
云南/特色花生/绿色高效生产/产量提升Key words
Yunnan/characteristic peanuts/green and efficient production/increased yields引用本文复制引用
基金项目
云南省重点研发计划(202102AE090002)
云南省专家基层科研工作站项目()
国家花生产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据