盐碱地冬油菜压青还田对土壤理化性质及花生产量的影响
Effect of winter rapeseed returning as green manure in saline alkali soil on soil physicochemical properties and peanut yield
李庆凯 1迟宝杰 2王鹤翔 2万俊 2张昕悦 2刘苹 3唐朝辉 4郭峰 4赵自超 3万书波4
作者信息
- 1. 山东农业工程学院,山东 济南,250100;养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东 济南,250100
- 2. 山东农业工程学院,山东 济南,250100
- 3. 养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东 济南,250100
- 4. 山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东农业科学院,山东 济南,250100
- 折叠
摘要
为改良盐碱地,实现花生的高产高效,探讨冬油菜压青还田对盐碱地花生土壤理化性质的影响.通过大田试验,连续3年在黄河三角洲盐碱地定点设置冬闲地不播种冬油菜、冬油菜蕾薹期压青还田和开花期压青还田3种处理,研究了不同时期冬油菜压青还田对花生结荚期根部土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤团聚体粒径分布、水稳定性等结构特征和土壤pH、速效养分、有机质、盐分等化学性质的影响.结果表明,冬油菜压青还田有效改良了土壤结构特征,显著降低了0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层土壤容重;0～20 cm土层＞2 mm、1～2 mm和0.5～1 mm粒级土壤团聚体数量显著增加,＜0.25 mm粒级土壤微团聚体数量则显著降低,土壤团聚体水稳定性显著提高.冬油菜压青还田显著增加了0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾,平均比对照增加10.47%～l5.80%;显著降低了土壤含盐量,平均比对照降低20.76%,但各处理土壤pH差异不显著.从整体看,不同土层土壤理化性质以0～20 cm土层受到的影响较大,40～60 cm土层最小.蕾薹期和开花期冬油菜压青还田花生分别增产22.48%和29.41%,但两处理之间差异不显著.从相关性分析看,＞2 mm土壤团聚体与有效养分呈显著正相关,与容重、盐分含量呈显著负相关;＜0.25 mm团聚体、容重与速效养分呈负相关.因此,冬油菜压青还田通过改良盐碱地土壤结构特征、增加土壤有效养分和降低土壤可溶性盐分等途径形成相对有利花生生长的土壤理化性状,从而增加了花生产量.
Abstract
To improve saline-alkali land and peanut high yield,impact of winter rapeseed green manure on physicochemical properties of peanut soil in saline-alkali areas was explored.Field experiments were conducted over 3 years in the Yellow River Delta saline-alkali land,effects of winter rapeseed green manure were investigated at different stages on soil structures and features,including bulk density,porosity,aggregate size distribution,and water stability,pH,available nutrients,organic matter,and salt content in the peanut root zone during the pod set-ting stage.3 treatments were designed,namely fallow land without winter rapeseed planting,green manure during peanut budding,and green manure during flowering stage.Results demonstrated that the rapeseed manure at differ-ent stages significantly reduced soil bulk density of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layer.The numbers of soil aggregates with particle sizes＞2 mm,1-2 mm,and 0.5-1 mm were increased significantly in 0-20 cm layer.Soil micro aggre-gates with particle sizes＜0.25 mm were decreased significantly,which led to enhanced water stability of soil ag-gregates.The green manure significantly increased organic matter,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phos-phorus,and available potassium in the 2 layers,with average increase of 10.47%-15.80%compared to control;sig-nificantly reduced soil salinity,with average decrease of 20.76%compared to control.No significant difference in soil pH was found.Overall effects were observed in the 0-20 cm layer.Peanut yields increased by 22.48%and 29.41%,respectively under manure treatments at budding and flowering stages although their differences were not significant.A significantly positively correlation was found between available nutrients and＞2 mm soil aggregates.Significantly negatively correlations were found between bulk density and＞2 mm soil aggregates,salt content and＞2 mm soil aggregates,bulk density and＜0.25 mm soil aggregates,available nutrients and＜0.25 mm soil aggregates.Therefore,winter rapeseed green manure might improve soil properties and thus promote peanut yield by enhancing saline-alkali land soil,increasing available nutrients,and reducing soluble salt content.
关键词
冬油菜绿肥/花生/盐碱地/土壤理化性质/产量Key words
winter rapeseed green manure/peanut/saline alkali land/soil physical and chemical proper-ties/yield引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900903)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-04-05)
山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划(2022KJ245)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272227)
山东农业工程学院博士科研启动基金(sgybsjj2020-08)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据