Effects of different pruning methods on canopy physiological characteristics,yield,and quality of macadamia
The present study to assess the impact of different pruning methods on macadamia canopy character-istics,yield,and quality were evaluated,thus providing an important reference for management of macadamia or-chards. Specifically,10 years old trees of cultivar O.C were used and modified to trunk layered (treatment A),de-layed-open layered (treatment B),and multi trunk open center (treatment C),with CK only for height control treat-ment. The variation of tree canopy characteristics,fruit setting rat,nut-in shell of individual,yield of individual tree,fruit quality,were evaluated for three consecutive years (September 2019 to September 2022). During this peri-od,the overall trend of leaf area index was that CK>trunk layered>delayed-open layered>multi trunk open center,decreased significantly in the early stage of pruning (January) and increased significantly in the late pruning stage (August). The trend of photosynthetically active radiation was opposite to that of leaf area index. The fruit set-ting rate,nut-in shell of individual,yield of individual tree significantly improved by pruning treatments,as well as the content of crude fat and palmitoleic acid. In general,trunk layered exhibited the highest efficacy,followed by de-layed open layered,multi trunk open center,and CK. Meanwhile,the individual kernel weight and kernel rate showed significant improvements. Under the first year of the experiment,the leaf area index and photosynthetic ef-fective radiation showed significant changes by pruning treatment. The leaf area index of treatment A,treatment B,and treatment C decreased by 60.70％,65.17％,and 67.09％,respectively,compared with CK. Along with the exper-iment (2021-2022),the leaf area index and photosynthetic effective radiation decreased slightly compared to CK,for example,treatment A,treatment B,and treatment C decreased by 39.33％,40.28％,and 42.10％,respectively. The yield varies with years,in the first year of the experiment,the yield significantly decreased by 18.57％ with pruning treatment,the control and average of pruning treatment decreased to 26.30％ and 15.91％,respectively. We can conclude that pruning treatment has a certain stabilizing effect on yield. In the second year of treatment,the yield rebounded significantly. The pruning treatment increased by 36.04％ compare to the before treatment,however the control also increased by 3.61％. Which indicated that pruning treatment significantly improve the yield of maca-damia nuts,but there is a fluctuation in yield between years. In conclusion,the canopy modification in macadamia orchard significantly improved canopy light condition,increase the fruit setting rate and the weight of a single shell fruit,and significantly increase the yield,and improve the fruit quality,especially the internal quality,such as the content of crude fat and Palmitoleic acid. Of these shapes,the effect of treatment A (trunk layered) was better than the others.
macadamiapruningcanopy characteristicsyield per plantfruit qualitypalmitoleic acid
万方数据
维普
