Microstructure, tribological behavior and magnetic properties of Fe−Ni−TiO2 composite coatings synthesized via pulse frequency variation
The Fe−Ni−TiO2 nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO2 nanoparticles contents were increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement of BCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.％). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency; while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased.
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