铜基偏晶合金的研究现状
Research progress of copper-based monotectic alloys
赵小军 1姜玉祥 2翟鹏远 3李峰诚 3李艳苗 2蔡圳阳 1钟琦 2孙洋洋 4肖来荣 1刘赛男4
作者信息
- 1. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院,长沙 410083;中南大学 有色金属材料科学与工程教育部重点实验室,长沙 410083
- 2. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院,长沙 410083
- 3. 中国兵器工业新技术推广研究所,北京 100089
- 4. 中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙 410083
- 折叠
摘要
铜基偏晶合金(Cu-Co、Cu-Fe、Cu-Cr等)具有优异的电、磁、力学等特性,受到国内外材料科学领域学者的广泛关注.在制备过程中,铜基偏晶合金由于发生液相分离行为并形成严重的偏析组织现象,被称为不混溶合金.过去的研究主要集中于寻求使铜基偏晶合金组织均匀的制备方法,然而近期研究表明,偏析组织异质结构的强度-韧性协同作用有利于提高材料的韧性,这为铜基偏晶合金的进一步发展提供了新思路.本文综述了目前国内外对铜基偏晶合金的液相分离和偏析组织形成机理的理论研究成果(包括液相分离组织结构演变、液相分离热力学以及第二相液滴形核生长动力学研究),归纳了目前主流的改善偏析组织方法(包括微合金化法、快速凝固法和激光成形法),阐述了铜基偏晶合金因液相分离特性产生的双相复合微观组织结构的强度-韧性协同作用,最后对铜基偏晶合金未来的研究发展方向进行了展望.
Abstract
Copper-based monotectic alloys(Cu-Co,Cu-Fe,Cu-Cr,etc.)have received extensive attention from scholars in the field of materials science at home and abroad due to their excellent electrical,magnetic and mechanical properties.During the preparation process,copper-based monotectic alloys were referred to as immiscible alloys due to the occurrence of liquid phase separation leading to severe segregation structures.Past research primarily focused on seeking preparation methods to achieve uniform microstructure in copper-based monotectic alloys.However,recent studies have shown that strength-ductility synergy of the heterogeneous structures of segregated microstructures enhances the toughness of the material,offering a new direction for the further development of copper-based monotectic alloys.In this paper,the theoretical research results on the formation mechanism of liquid phase separation and segregation structure of copper-based monotectic alloys at home and abroad(including the evolution of liquid phase separation structure,the thermodynamics of liquid phase separation and the nucleation and growth kinetics of second phase droplets)were reviewed.The current mainstream methods for improving segregation structure(including micro-alloying method,rapid solidification method and laser forming method)were summarized.The strength-ductility synergy of the two-phase composite microstructure of copper-based monotectic alloys due to liquid phase separation characteristics was described.Finally,the future research and development direction of copper-based monotectic alloys was prospected.
关键词
铜合金/偏晶合金/液相分离/偏析组织/强度-韧性协同作用Key words
copper alloy/monotectic alloy/liquid phase separation/segregation microstructure/strength-ductility synergy引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国防基础科研计划资助项目(2020208B020)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据