Reduction leaching of valuable metals from spent cathode materials of lithium batteries using orange peel
In order to promote the efficient and environmentally friendly leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries,a method utilizing orange peel as an organic reducing agent was studied for the efficient leaching of metals from the cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries.The results indicate that the addition of orange peel significantly enhances the performance of citric acid leaching agent,achieving high leaching rates of lithium,nickel,cobalt and manganese.The optimal leaching conditions are determined as follows:citric acid concentration of 2 mol/L,orange peel dosage of 40 g/L,leaching temperature of 95℃,L/S ratio of 20∶1,stirring speed of 300 r/min,and leaching time of 120 min.A leaching model is derived using Design Expert 10,which accurately predicts the leaching rates of metals.Kinetic studies reveal that the apparent activation energies for lithium,nickel,cobalt and manganese are 64.95,67.71,66.65 and 72.8 kJ/mol,respectively,indicating that the leaching process of cathode materials is mainly controlled by chemical reaction.By comparing SEM images before and after OP leaching,the reduction capability of orange peel is validated and can be explained using the theory of reducing sugars.
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