摘要
金属是支撑国民经济可持续发展的重要基础原材料.然而,随着金属矿产资源需求的快速增加,高品位一次金属矿产日益枯竭.一方面,在金属资源采、选、冶与产品利用过程,将产生大量种类繁多的复杂金属废弃物,处理不当极易造成严重的环境污染.另一方面,典型金属废弃物(如电镀污泥、阳极泥、有色冶金渣、电子废弃物、废旧锂离子电池等)往往富含金、银、镍、钼、钴、铜、锌、铬等各种有价金属,是宝贵的二次金属资源.本文以二次资源为对象,分析介绍了典型传统和新兴二次金属资源的元素组成特点、高价值性及危害性,并从二次资源的湿法浸出、浸出液中金属的富集与分离和金属提取三个方面对二次金属资源湿法回收全流程研究进展进行了系统的综述.
Abstract
Metal is an important basic raw material supporting sustainable development of the national economy.However,with the rapid increase of demand for metal mineral resources,high-grade primary metal mineral resources are increasingly depleted.At the same time,during metal resources mining,metallurgy and product utilization,a large number of complex metal wastes will be produced,and improper treatment will easily cause serious environmental pollution.In addition,metal waste(electroplating sludge,anode mud,non-ferrous metallurgical slag,electronic waste,waste lithium ion batteries,etc.)are often rich in Au,Ag,Ni,Mo,Co,Cu,Zn,Cr and other valuable metals,and also are valuable secondary metal resource.Taking secondary resources as the object,this paper analyzes and introduces the element composition,high value and harmfulness of typical secondary metal resources.The research progress of the whole process of wet recovery of secondary metal resources is systematically reviewed from three aspects:leaching of secondary metal resources,metal enrichment and separation in leaching solution and metal extraction.
NETL
NSTL
维普
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