摘要
目的 了解2021-2023年间新报告经注射吸毒感染HIV者感染方式及风险因素,为制定针对性防控措施提供参考.方法 在阿片类毒品流行地区调查2021-2023年间新报告经注射吸毒感染的HIV/AIDS病例,开展一对一深入访谈,了解访谈对象的人口学特征、检测报告、吸毒史等信息,分析其感染方式和风险因素.结果 共访谈HIV/AIDS病例18人,年龄范围35-63岁,感染方式为直接和间接共用针具行为.感染风险因素包括:缺乏艾滋病相关知识、感染风险意识较差、吸毒人员之间交往频繁、注射器获取受限、美沙酮维持治疗及针具交换等干预服务利用度低.结论 同伴教育缺失、存在侥幸心理、盲目信任吸毒同伴、毒品渴求等社会因素和心理因素共同增加了注射吸毒者共用针具行为发生的可能性,直接或间接的共用针具行为仍是目前经注射吸毒感染HIV人群主要的高危感染方式.
Abstract
Objective To explore the patterns and risk factors of HIV infection among injecting drug users(IDUs)diagnosed with HIV during 2021-2023,and to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods IDUs diagnosed with HIV during 2021-2023 were recruited from areas with high opioid prevalence.A"one-to-one,""in-depth"interview was conducted.Information was collected on demographic characteristics,drug-using behaviors,HIV testing uptake,and other HIV-related services.The patterns and risk factors of HIV infection were analyzed.Results A total of 18 study participants were enrolled.Their ages ranged from 35 to 63 years.The patterns of HIV infection were direct and indirect needle-sharing behaviors.Risk factors for infection included:lack of knowledge about HIV,poor awareness of the risk of infection,frequent interactions among drug users,limited access to syringes,and a low proportion of participation in HIV intervention services,such as methadone maintenance treatment and needle-exchange programs.Conclusion Social and psychological factors,such as the lack of peer education,a mindset of taking chances,blind trust in drug-using peers,and drug craving,increased the likelihood of needle-sharing behaviors.Direct or indirect needle-sharing remains the primary mode of infection among individuals infected with HIV through injecting drug use at present.
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