Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(auto-HSCT)is an effective treatment for acute myeloid leukemia(AML),particularly for AML with good prognosis in first complete remission,some with partial intermediate prognosis,those with acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL)who achieve a second complete remission(CR2)after relapse,and patients with certain specific karyotypes of AML.However,although auto-HSCT have shown significant efficacy in these cases,many challenges and complications may still be encountered during the treatment,which requires medical teams to continuously explore and optimize treatment strategies to improve patients'cure rate and quality of life.Based on this,this article will review the latest concepts and protocols of auto-HSCT for AML,with the aim of providing potential strategies for further optimization of this treatment approach.