MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of endogenous non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and exist in a relatively stable and unique form in mammals,insects and plants,and are important regulators of gene expression involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes.The discovery of miRNAs has far-reaching significance for human life and health.In this paper,an overview of miRNAs in terms of their biosynthesis,mechanism of action,function,application prospects,clinical progress and challenges is provided.At the same time,the similarities and differences between miRNAs and siRNA as well as the advantages of miRNAs therapy are discussed.With the advancement of science and technology,the application of miRNA-based therapies and the development of innovative drugs will continue to contribute to human health and well-being.
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