Research Progress of Localized Esophageal Drug Delivery Systems and Evaluation Methods
The current majority therapeutic approaches for esophageal diseases are systemic administrations,which often present disadvantages such as limited efficacy and significant adverse effects.Local administration can efficiently increase the concentration of drugs at the lesion sites,making it particularly suitable for the treatment of esophagitis,esophageal cancers,and other esophageal diseases.However,esophageal administration still faces numerous difficulties,the most significant of which are the short drug retention time and the difficulty of penetrating the mucosa.In recent years,various new delivery systems have been developed for localized esophageal drug delivery to overcome the challenges posed by esophageal histology and physiology,offering new hope for patients with related diseases.Based on the introduction of the histological and physiological features of the esophagus,this review analyzes the challenges of local drug therapy,summarizes the new progress in drug administration schemes like oral preparations,esophageal stents and local injections as well as the development of in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods,which provide some references for the further development of esophageal local drug delivery systems.
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