Bottleneck and countermeasures of accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil
Biophenols in olive oil are extremely complex polar phenolic substances with a wide range of biological activities.Not only the heterogeneous in chemical structure,unstable in nature and highly isomerised,but also the long-term co-existence of ambiguous concepts,such as olive polyphenols,has resulted in the lack of an ideal method for the determination of biophenols,which has affected the quality control of olive oil and its trade to a certain extent.In order to seek countermeasures to break through the bottleneck in the determination of biophenols in olive oil and to provide theoretical references for the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil,the similarities and differences in the scope of use of similar terms such as polyphenols,phenolic compounds,olive oil polyphenols and biophenols were summarized,and the controversy over the ambiguity of terminology and the lack of applicable analytical methods for the health claims of olive oil polyphenols in the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)were analysed.From the secoiridoids complex isomers and derivatives,infeasibility of chromatographic baseline separation,lack of standards,incompatibility of phenolic monomer addition and total phenol determination,the bottleneck of accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil were introduced,and four potential research directions for breaking through the bottlenecks,i.e.,direct injection with full recovery and zero artefacts,ion mobility mass spectrometry(IM-MS)to improve resolution and accuracy,two-dimensional liquid chromatography(LC x LC)to reduce matrix effects and increase sensitivity,and accelerating development of standards for secoiridoids were prospected.The bottleneck in the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil will persist for a long time,and methodological breakthroughs depend on more in-depth basic research and the application of innovative technologies.
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