Advances in pharmacological treatment of metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
The poor prognosis of relapsed and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(mESCC)has been improved with advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),targeted epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and anti-angiogenic therapy.Currently immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy has become a new treatment option.Targeted EGFR monoclonal antibody may play an important role in immunoresistant diseases,and also in first-line treatment when combined with immunochemotherapy.EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)shows a higher rate of disease control in second-line treatment.Targeted anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy has shown efficacy in both first-line and second-line treatments,while immunochemotherapy combined with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)TKIs is expected to further improve the prognosis of mESCC.
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