Lung cancer ranks first in both incidence and mortality among malignant tumors in China,with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for approximately 80%of all lung cancer cases,posing a significant disease burden.In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of NSCLC through chemotherapy,molecular targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.However,these advances still fail to fully meet clinical demands.Dual immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific antibodies,which target two immune checkpoints or antigens simultaneously,represent the latest research direction in immunotherapy.These approaches have been extensively validated in preclinical studies and are increasingly recommended in clinical guidelines.This article summarizes the mechanisms and current clinical applications of immunotherapy,reviews the efficacy and adverse effects of dual immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials for NSCLC,and explores the potential future directions for the application of bispecific antibodies.
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