Objective To observe the effects of Anshen Dingzhi Ling on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)model rats,and explore its mechanism.Methods Wistar Kyoto rats(WKY)were selected as the normal group,and the spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were selected as the models.SHR were randomly divided into model group,atomoxetine group,Anshen Dingzhi Ling low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose group,10 rats in each group.Each group of rats was given corresponding drugs by gavage.After 4 weeks of intervention,prefrontal cortex and striatum of rats were collected.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1,IFN-α1 and IFN-β1 in both prefrontal cortex and striatum were determined by ELISA.Western blot and Real-time qPCR were used to detect the expressions of NGF,GDNF,BDNF,MMP-2 and MMP-9.Results Compared with the normal group,the expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1,as well as the protein and gene expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased(P<0.05),while the expression of IFN-α1 and IFN-β1,and the protein and gene expressions of NGF,GDNF and BDNF decreased(P<0.05)in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of rats in the model group.High dose of Anshen Dingzhi Ling could significantly regulate the above indexes in the model rats(P<0.05).Conclusion Anshen Dingzhi Ling can protect neurons by inhibiting the inflammation in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of ADHD model rats.