摘要
血管内皮细胞在血管形成、器官稳态维持及病理生理过程中发挥重要作用,具有显著的组织间和组织内异质性.单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)及多组学技术揭示了不同组织内皮细胞的亚群、标志基因及功能特征.在肺部,动脉、静脉和毛细血管内皮,以及特化的气细胞和普通毛细血管内皮细胞参与气体交换和血管稳态.肾脏内皮分为肾小球、皮质和髓质亚群,分别在滤过、重吸收和尿液浓缩中发挥作用.肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)在循环、滤过及肝细胞再生中发挥关键作用.脑内皮细胞形成血脑屏障,心脏内皮细胞参与能量代谢、血管新生及修复.疾病状态下,特化内皮表型逆转为更普遍的内皮表型,丧失特异功能,如气细胞的丢失与COVID-19及肺腺癌相关,肝窦毛细血管化为肝硬化的重要病理特征.未来,通过scRNA-seq研究内皮异质性的调控机制,将有助于开发血管相关疾病的精准治疗策略,并推进人工特化内皮细胞诱导与移植应用.
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play essential roles in angiogenesis,organ homeostasis,and various pathophysiological processes,exhibiting significant inter-and intra-organ heterogeneity.Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multi-omics technologies have identified distinct endothelial cell subpopulations,marker genes,and functional characteristics across tissues.In the lungs,arterial,venous,and capillary endothelial cells,along with specialized aerocytes and general capillary cells,contribute to gas ex-change and vascular homeostasis.Renal endothelial cells,including glomerular,cortical,and medullary subtypes,function in filtration,reabsorption,and urine concentration.Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are key to circulation,filtration,and hepatocyte regeneration.Brain endothelial cells form the blood-brain barrier,while cardiac endothelial cells support energy metabolism,angiogenesis,and re-pair.In disease states,specialized endothelial phenotypes often revert to more generalized forms,losing specific functions.For instance,the loss of aerocytes is associated with COVID-19 and lung adenocarcinoma,while sinusoidal capillarization is a hallmark of liver fibrosis.Future research utilizing scRNA-seq to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of endothelial heterogeneity could facilitate the de-velopment of targeted therapies for vascular-related diseases and advance the application of artificially induced specialized endothelial cells in regenerative medicine.
维普
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