School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China

Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Institute of Medical Information/Center for Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China

Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

7Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

9Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA

2Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA