Determination of calorie and protein intake among acute and sub-acute traumatic brain injury patients

Mohd Ibrahim Abdullah ¹Aryati Ahmad ¹Sharifah Wajihah Wafa Syed Saadun Tarek Wafa ¹Ahmad Zubaidi Abdul Latif ²Noor Aini Mohd Yusoff ¹Muhammad Khalis Jasmiad ¹Nujaimin Udin ³Kartini Abdul Karim⁴

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作者信息

1. Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terenganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
2. Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terenganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
3. Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
4. Dietetic and Food Service Department, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Abstract

Purpose: Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalized patients,especially among traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.It is developed from hypermetabolism and the condition may worsen under the circumstance of underfeeding or incompatible dietary management.However,the data of nutrient intake especially calorie and protein among TBI patients were scarce.Hence,this study aimed to determine the calorie and protein intake among acute and sub-acute TBI patients receiving medical nutrition therapy in hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah,Terengganu.Methods: This observational study involved 50 patients recruited from the neurosurgical ward.Method of 24 h dietary recall was utilized and combined with self-administered food diaries for 2-8 days.Food consumptions including calorie intake and protein intake were analyzed using Nutritionist PROTM (Woodinville,USA) and manual calculation based on the Malaysian food composition database (2015).Results: Patients consisted of 56％ males and 44％ females with the median age of 28.0 (IQR =22.8-36.5)years,of which 92％ were diagnosed as mild TBI and the remaining (8％) as moderate TBI.The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was adopted to classify TBI severity with the score 13-15 being mild and 9-12 being moderate.The median length of hospital stay was 2 (IQR =2.0-3.3) days.Calorie and protein intake improved significantly from day 1 to discharge day.However,the intake during discharge day was still considered as suboptimal,i.e.75％ of calorie requirement,whilst the median protein intake was only 61.3％ relative to protein requirement.Moreover,the average percentages of calorie and protein intakes throughout hospitalization were remarkably lower,i.e.52.2％ and 41.0％,respectively.Conclusion: Although the calorie and protein intakes had increased from baseline,hospitalized TBI patients were still at a risk to develop malnutrition as the average intakes were considerably low as compared to their requirements.Optimum nutrient intakes especially calorie and protein are crucial to ensure optimum recovery process as well as to minimize risks of infection and complications.

Key words

Malnutrition/Calorie intake/Protein intake/Traumatic brain injury

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基金项目

This research was funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)(FRGS/1/2016/SKK02/UNISZA/02/1)

出版年

2020

中华创伤杂志(英文版)

中华医学会

中华创伤杂志(英文版)

CSTPCDCSCD

影响因子：0.608

ISSN：1008-1275

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