The latest research findings on bidirectional regulation of neuro-immunity through traditional neural circuits shed new light on the theoretical basis of the role of vidian neurectomy(VN).This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of VN,including the history of VN,the principle of neuroimmuno-interaction,the applied anatomy of VN as well as the methods of transnasal endoscopic surgery.Additionally,we introduce the concept of the nose-brain axis,which was proposed based on the advancement in the area of neuro-immune interactions.