Objective To report expression characteristics and significance of the C1ql1 gene in mouse cochlear cells during different developmental stages.Methods Kunming mice at 1 day,7 days,14 days,28 days and 56 days of age(n=6 each)were selected,and expression of the C1ql1 gene on the basilar membrane and in the cochlea was exam-ined by confocal microscopy with immunofluorescence,as well as RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The level of C1ql1 gene expression in spiral ganglion cells and hair cells gradually increased with age.C1QL1 protein bands were lacking in P1 mice,but clearly visualized in P7,P14,P28 and P56 mice,with average optical density of the C1QL1 pro-tein in P7 mice showing a difference as compared with that in P14,P28 and P56 mice(P<0.05)and no statistically sig-nificant difference among the latter three age groups(P>0.05).The C1ql1 gene was transiently expressed in auditory nerve fibers during the critical period of auditory development,peaking on the 7th day after birth while absent in adult mice.Conclusion The C1ql1 gene play an important role in inner ear development and the formation of auditory func-tion.