As an important pattern recognition receptor,toll-like receptors(TLR)are responsible for non-specif-ic immune and inflammatory reactions.It is one of the initial responders in the immune system involved in activating the inflammatory response.Studies have shown that TLRs can induce the production of a variety of cytokines and acti-vate a variety of signaling pathways to participate in the development of ear diseases.The roles of TLRs in the media-tion and treatment of ear diseases have become a focus of attention and research.In order to further determine the key role of TLRs in the genesis and development of common ear diseases,this paper reviews the basics of TLRs and their roles in the mechanisms in several typical ear diseases,providing a theoretical basis and new directions for the preven-tion and treatment of these diseases in the future.
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