Objective To report effectiveness of problem module teaching in otorhinolaryngology residency train-ing.Methods Residents and specialty trainees(n=15)receiving standardized training at the Department of Otorhinolar-yngology of the Peking University Third Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022 were selected.The subjects rotated through otology,rhinology and laryngology/head and neck surgery services.Teaching included grand rounds,lectures,and case discussions.In addition,the"problem module teaching method"was introduced,which included 20 common clinical"problems"and relevant reference resources,developed and summarized from relevant knowledge points,that were repeatedly discussed in various teaching activities such as daily teaching rounds,lectures and case sim-ulations.Learning results were assessed through exit examinations after 6 months of training,covering theoretical knowledges,clinical skills,disease understanding,learning and application ability,contemplating ability and communi-cation skills.Results Following training with the new teaching model,significant improvement was noticed in theoreti-cal knowledges and clinical skills(P<0.01),as well as in disease understanding,learning and application ability and con-templating ability(P<0.01).Conclusion The problem module teaching method can improve learning curves and out-comes among residents and specialty trainees in standardized otolaryngology training,and can be further adopted in clin-ical teaching.