Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a cystic structure located in the middle ear composed of keratinized squamous epithelial cells,subepithelial connective tissue and keratinized fragments.Due to its pathophysiological characteristics such as excessive proliferation and bone absorption destruction,there are often intracranial and external complications such as hearing loss and facial paralysis,which are serious and even life-threatening.The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood.Through reviewing medical literature and comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment experience,the etiology and pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma were discussed from multiple disciplines and fields to improve the understanding of middle ear cholesteatoma,in order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of complications in clinical practice and improve the quality of life of patients.
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