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航天测试发射操作中的人因失误分析

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对航天测试发射操作中人因失误问题进行了研究.分析了航天测试发射操作人因失误的特点,即人因失误会随着测试发射阶段和岗位的不同而出现差异,并且危害性大;建立了测试发射操作的技能-规则-知识(SRK)人员认知模型,提出了确定人员认知模式的方法,并引入人员认知可靠性(HCR)方法计算人因失误概率.以航天发射场某次任务低温加注阶段的一次人因失误为实例,应用SRK模型确定了该操作人员的认知方式为知识型,使用HCR方法计算了该操作员的失误概率,并验证了计算结果的正确性.
Human Error Analysis of Space Test and Launch Operation
This paper is studies the human errors in the space test and launch operation.It analyzes the characteristics of human errors in the space test and launch operation,and draws a conclusion that the human errors vary with different test and launch phases and human positions and cause serious harmfulness.Based on this,the paper establishes a skill-rule-knowledge (SRK) human cognitive model for the test and launch operation,proposes a method to determine the human cognitive model and introduces a human cognitive reliability (HCR) method to calculate the human error probability.For a human error in the low temperature filling stage of a mission in the space launch site,this paper determines with SRK model the cognitive pattern of the involved operator as knowledge type,calculates the error probability of this operator with HCR method and verifies the correctness of the calculation result.

space test and launch operationhuman errorskill-rule-knowledge(SRK)human cognitive reliability(HCR)low temperature filling

马昕晖、姜曙、崔村燕、尚晨、徐慧敏

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装备学院航天装备系,北京101416

装备学院研究生管理大队,北京101416

92198部队

航天测试发射操作 人因失误 技能-规则-知识 人员认知可靠性 低温加注

2017

装备学院学报
装备学院科研部

装备学院学报

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.441
ISSN:2095-3828
年,卷(期):2017.28(2)
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