Objective To analyze the incidence,distribution characteristics,length and depth of the root canal groove of the mandibular first and second premolar teeth,and statistically evaluate the root canal configuration,in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment decisions by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods The CBCT images of 678 mandibular first premolar teeth and 482 mandibular second premolar teeth were collected,and the root canal configuration was analyzed in detail. The position,length and depth of the root canal were measured and recorded. Results First and second premolars were classified as follows:Type Ⅰ,(87.76％,97.93％);Type Ⅴ,(6.93％,1.03％);Type Ⅲ,(3.09％,0.83％);and other types. RGs were exhibited by 15.63％ of first and 3.11％ of second premolars (P<0.05). Incidence of complex canals (types Ⅲ,Ⅴ and other types) in first premolars with RGs was significantly higher versus without RGs (P<0.05). Conclusion The presence of root canals is highly correlated with complex root canal configurations,especially in mandibular first premolars. The appearance of the root canal groove may cause the variation of the root canal system,which increases the difficulty and risk of clinical treatment.
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