As an important agricultural province in China,Yunnan Province has important theoretical and practical significance in terms of the study of soil microflora.This paper reviews the progress in the study of soil microbial flora in recent years,including soil microbial diversity,response to environmental change,application of metabolic function and so on.As an important part of soil,soil microorganisms play an important role in soil fertility maintenance,health assessment,material metabolism and so on.Through the summary and analysis of related studies,the present situation and existing problems of soil microbial flora in Yunnan Province were revealed,which provided reference and enlightenment for future research.