Soil nutrient abundance and deficiency and its spatial distribution characteristics in dwarf-rootstock apple orchards in Hebei Province
In the Taihang Mountain and Yanshan production areas of Hebei Province,60 typical apple orchards,including 32 young orchards(0～4 years)and 28 mature orchards(5～10 years),were selected,and soil samples were collected from 0～20 cm soil layer to analyze the content of soil organic matter,the abundance and deficiency of macroelements and trace elements,and to clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients.The results showed that the soil organic matter content of apple orchards in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan areas was low,and the proportion of samples at low and below level in young orchards was 83％,respectively,and 54％in mature orchards,respectively.There was no significant difference in the organic matter content of the young orchards in the two major producing areas,and the organic matter content of the adult orchards in the Taihang Mountain producing area was higher than that in the kindergartens.The contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were larger in adult orchards than in kindergartens.The soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content of kindergartens in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan production areas was 46.31 mg/kg and 57.52 mg/kg,respectively,and most of the districts and counties were at a low or below level.The available phosphorus content in the two producing areas was 27.37 mg/kg and 17.40 mg/kg,respectively,which were at a high level.The available potassium content in the two producing areas was 97.90 mg/kg and 74.96 mg/kg,respectively,and most of them were at low or below levels,except for some districts and counties.The content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the mature orchards of the two producing areas were all at an appropriate level or above,and the sample points accounted for 83％,92％and 74％,respectively.There was no significant difference in soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content between the two producing areas.The content of available phosphorus and available potassium in Taihang Mountain was higher than that in Yanshan area.The soil available iron content and available zinc content of kindergarten and adult garden were abundant,and the proportion of samples with appropriate amount or above was 72％～88％.The soil available manganese content of orchards in the two producing areas was low,and the average values of young and adult orchards in Yanshan area were 12.30 and 15.87 mg/kg,respectively,and the average values in Taihang Mountain production area were 9.12 and 12.31 mg/kg,respectively.The effective copper content is abundant,which is related to the frequent use of Bordeaux liquid in apple orchards.The orchards in the two major producing areas are rich in available iron,copper and zinc,and lack of available manganese.In Hebei Province,organic fertilizer and manganese fertilizer should be increased in apple orchards planted with dwarf rootstocks,nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be increased in young orchards,and nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be reasonably controlled in mature orchards.
dwarf anvils densely planted apple orchardssoil nutrientsabundance and scarcityspatial distributionHebei Province
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