The collection,breeding and application of processing and fresh Carica papaya varieties in China,the research progress of Carica papaya germplasm preservation technology such as seed and germplasm nursery,ultra-low temperature and tissue culture,and the research progress of Carica papaya breeding technology such as traditional hybridization breeding,introduction and domestication,mutagenesis,breeding,cell engineering breeding,genetic engineering breeding and molecular marker-assisted breeding were described.It is proposed that ultra-dry storage can be used as a research direction of Carica papaya seed preservation technology,and the breeding direction of combining traditional hybrid breeding with polyploid breeding,space breeding,molecular module design breeding and other new breeding technologies.