Effects of Vicia villosa Roth.on soil temperature,humidity and weeds in kiwifruit orchard at different sowing dates
We analyzed the effects of intercropping of Vicia villosa Roth.on the plant height and fresh grass yield of sowing dates,soil temperature,soil humidity and weed species and number in kiwifruit orchard,to provide scientific basis for rational utilization of green manure and establishment of green development model of kiwifruit orchard in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province.The experiment was conducted with four treatments:Vicia villosa Roth.sowing date September 29th(VR1),sowing date October 10th(VR2),sowing date October 20th(VR3)and clear tillage(CK),soil temperature,soil humidity and weeds in different treatments were investigated regularly,and the plant height and fresh grass yield was measured at the flowering stage of green manure.The effects of Vicia villosa Roth.on soil ecological environment were compared and analyzed in kiwifruit orchard under different sowing dates.The plant height and fresh grass yield of the treatments in kiwifruit orchard intercropped with Vicia villosa Roth.were VR1＞VR2＞VR3.The plant height and fresh grass yield of VR1 were the highest at 195.4 cm and 39,166.86 kg/hm2,respectively.The intercropping Vicia villosa Roth.had a significant effect on soil temperature in kiwifruit orchard.The variation range of soil temperature under different sowing dates was lower than that under CK,and the variation range of VR1 was the smallest in all treatments.The variation range of soil temperature in each treatment was VR1＜VR3＜VR2＜CK.From mid-March to early May,the average soil moisture of VR1,VR2 and VR3 increased by 115.84％,94.00％and 115.20％,respectively,compared with CK.On May 5th,the average soil moisture of treatment VR1 and VR3 was 29.8％and 30.1％,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.Compared with CK,the number and species of weeds in kiwifruit intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth.decreased at different sowing dates.Among them,Poa annua L.,Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.,Myosoton aquaticum(L.)Moench,Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.)Fern.,Geranium carolinianum L.and Trifolium spp.were the most effective,the number and density decreased by 100.00％,55.69％,82.60％,68.16％,58.21％and 95.91％,respectively.The total weed density of VR1 treatment was the lowest(18.58 plants/m2).Compared with CK,the total weed density of VR1,VR2 and VR3 treatment decreased by 82.32％,67.31％and 74.28％,respectively,the weed density of each treatment was VR1＜VR3＜VR2＜CK.Compared with CK,planting on September 29th can make the green manure grow fully,and more matter accumulate,and the fresh grass yield of Vicia villosa Roth.reaches the maximum,while intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth.has different sowing dates,it had the best effect on stabilizing soil temperature,increasing soil water content,reducing the density and species of weeds,changing the composition and structure of weed community,and regulating the microclimate of orchard,it is one of the green manure management modes of orchard development in Hanzhong area.
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