Bombus terrestris,one of the most extensively domesticated bumblebee species,plays an irreplaceable role in the development of agriculture.This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of varying reproductive diapause durations on the breeding characteristics of queen bees,with the goal of optimizing and refining artificial breeding techniques to enhance the breeding efficiency of bee colonies.Queens were exposed to different diapause periods(60 days,90 days,and 120 days),various indicators such as queen survival rate,queen egg-laying efficiency,pre-oviposition period,duration up to the first worker emergence,duration up to the first progeny queen emergence,duration up to the first male emergence,number of male progeny,number of progeny queens and proportion of applicable colonies were compared and analyzed.The results indicate that a diapause period of 120 days significantly reduces queen survival rate(68.33％±7.64％),queen egg-laying efficiency(35.00％±8.66％),duration up to the first worker emergence(33.81±7.14 days),and number of male progeny(181.85±24.29).The results indicate that,when the diapause period is 90 days,the queen survival rate(93.33％±2.89％),queen egg-laying efficiency(65.00％±5.00％),duration up to the first worker emergence(40.86±11.94 days),and number of male progeny(198.33±37.47)significantly increase compared to queen bees with diapause periods of 120 days.However,the pre-oviposition period,duration up to the first male emergence,duration up to the first progeny queen emergence,number of progeny queens and proportion of applicable colonies remain unaffected by changes in the queen's reproductive diapause period.
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