Royal jelly has complex components,mainly composed of proteins,lipids,sugars,amino acids,nucleic acids and other substances.It has a variety of biological activities and is widely used in drugs,health food and cosmetics.The common diseases of human beings are closely related to the oxidation of the body.Royal jelly has a strong antioxidant effect.The chemical composition,antioxidant components,antioxidant mechanism of the royal jelly and its role in diabetes,Alzheimer's disease,aging and development are summarized in this paper.