The severe visual impairment caused by neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)is associated with macular neovascularization(MNV)invasion and subretinal fibrosis(SF).Excessive SF can lead to subretinal scarring,irreversible damage to photoreceptors,retinal pigment epithelium,and choroid tissue,resulting in permanent visual impairment in nAMD patients.The pathogenesis of SF is complex,involving many pathological processes such as tissue repair after injury,inflammation,and related signaling pathways and cytokine complex.Current experimental treatments for SF only target inhibition of a single cytokine.Timely and effective inhibition of the formation and progression of MNV and early identification of risk factors for SF are crucial to improving the prognosis of nAMD patients.
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