摘要
年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是导致老年人群不可逆性视力丧失的主要原因之一.AMD主要有两种形式:渗出型AMD(WAMD)和萎缩型AMD(DAMD).现临床上已有多种药物用于治疗WAMD,并取得很好的疗效,但用于治疗DAMD的药物却很罕见.现有多种关于DAMD治疗的动物实验及临床试验,其主要包括抗氧化剂、补体途径抑制剂、线粒体保护剂、视觉周期抑制剂、神经保护剂、两性离子聚合物载体介导的药物疗法、细胞疗法、光生物疗法、基因治疗、手术治疗、中医治疗等,其中抗氧化剂维生素的补充及补体途径抑制剂相关药物APL-2和ACP已获得美国食品及药物管理局批准用于治疗DAMD.随着医学领域的不断发展,未来将探索出创伤小、疗效佳且患者依从性好的治疗方法,成功实现临床转化.
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss.There are two primary forms of AMD:exudative age-related macular degeneration(WAMD)and atrophic AMD(DAMD).While numerous medications are currently available for the treatment of WAMD,yielding significant therapeutic outcomes,effective treatments for DAMD remain scarce.Various animal studies and clinical trials on DAMD treatment have been conducted,focusing primarily on antioxidants,complement pathway inhibitors,mitochondrial protectors,visual cycle inhibitors,neuroprotectants,amphiphilic polymer-based drug delivery systems,cell therapy,photobiomodulation therapy,gene therapy,surgical interventions,and traditional Chinese medicine.Among these,antioxidant supplementation with vitamins and complement pathway inhibitor APL-2 and ACP have received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of DAMD.With the continuous development of the medical field,the future will explore the treatment methods with little trauma,good efficacy and good patient compliance,and successfully achieve clinical transformation.
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