Analysis of clinical features, biochemical indices and genetic variants among children with Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency detected by neonatal screening
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目的 探讨新生儿筛查检出的短/支链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(SBCAD)缺乏症患儿的临床表现、生化异常及致病变异。 方法 选取2016年1月至2021年12月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院接受筛查的2 730 852例新生儿为研究对象，进行氨基酸及2-甲基丁酰肉碱筛查，对疑似SBCAD缺乏症的患儿通过尿有机酸分析、高通量基因测序进行确诊。分析确诊患儿的临床表现、生化改变及ACADSB基因变异，指导控制蛋白摄入，补充左卡尼汀，随访观察其生长及智能发育情况。 结果 共确诊SBCAD缺乏症患儿12例，折算患病率为1/227 571。12例SBCAD患儿初筛血异戊酰肉碱(C5)在0.6~2.1 μmol/L之间，均超过正常范围；C5/乙酰基肉碱(C2)在0.02~0.12之间，其中6例超过正常范围；C5/丙酰基肉碱(C3)在0.1~1.16之间，其中5例超过正常范围；游离肉碱(C0)为18.89~58.12 μmol/L，1例超过正常范围。对5例SBCAD缺乏症患儿进行治疗，3例避免高蛋白饮食，2例予左卡尼汀治疗。随访中C5为0.22~2.32 μmol/L，C5/C2为0.01~0.31，C5/C3为0.14~1.7。11例患儿(除例8)新生儿筛查或随访中均出现C5或C5/C2、C5/C3一过性正常，C0为17.42~76.83 μmol/L。12例患儿中9例进行了尿有机酸分析，8例2-甲基丁酰甘氨酸增高。11例患儿接受了基因分析，共发现6种ACADSB基因变异，4种错义变异c.655G>A、c.923G>A、c.461G>A、c.1165A>G，1个移码变异c.746del，1个无义变异c.275C>G，c.461G>A变异未见报道，变异频次前2位为c.1165A>G(40.9%)与c.275C>G(22.7%)。对患儿治疗随访18 d~55个月，仅1例患者出现智力发育落后，其余患者体格及智力发育正常。 结论 SBCAD缺乏症为罕见病，本研究新生儿筛查折算检出率为1/227 571。通过新生儿筛查可实现大多无症状的患者早期干预。本研究最常见的基因变异是c.1165A>G和c.275C>G. Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities and pathogenic variants among children with Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency detected by neonatal screening. Methods A total of 2 730 852 newborns were screened from January 2016 to December 2021 with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Suspected SBCAD deficiency patients were diagnosed by urine organic acid analysis and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis. The clinical, biochemical and genetic changes of the confirmed cases were analyzed, in addition with guidance for diet and life management, L-carnitine supplement, and survey of growth and intellectual development. Results Twelve cases of SBCAD deficiency were diagnosed, which yielded a prevalence of 1/227 571. The lsovaleryl carnitine (C5) of primary screening blood samples was between 0.6 and 2.1 μmol/L, all exceeded the normal range. C5/acety1 carnitine(C2) was between 0.02 and 0.12, with 6 cases exceeding the normal range. C5/propionyl carnitine (C3) was between 0.1 and 1.16, with 5 cases exceeding the normal range. Free carnitine (C0) was between 18.89 and 58.12 μmol, with 1 case exceeding the normal range. Three neonates with abnormal screening results were recommended to have appropriate restriction for protein intake and two were given L-carnitine. During follow-up, their C5 has ranged from 0.22 to 2.32 μmol/L, C5/C2 has ranged from 0.01 to 0.31, C5/C3 has ranged from 0.14 to 1.7. C5 or C5/C2 and C5/C3 were transiently normal in all patients except for case 8 during the neonatal screening and follow-up. C0 was 17.42 ~ 76.83 μmol/L Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 of the 12 cases, and 2-methylbutyroglycine was elevated in 8 cases. Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 cases, and 2-methylbutyrylglycine was increased in 8 cases. Genetic analysis was carried out for 11 children, and in total 6 ACADSB gene variants were identified, which included 4 missense variants (c.655G>A, c. 923G>A, c. 461G>A, c. 1165A>G), 1 frameshift variant (c.746del) and 1 nonsense variant (c.275C>G). Among these, the c. 461 G>A variant was unreported previously. The most common variants were c. 1165A>G (40.9%) and C. 275C>G (22.7%). The patients were followed up for 18 days to 55 months. Only one patient had mental retardation, with the remainders having normal physical and mental development. Conclusion SBCAD deficiency is a rare disease. The detection rate of newborn screening in this study was 1/227 571. Early intervention can be attained in most asymptomatic patients through neonatal screening. In this study, the common gene variants are c. 1165A>G and c. 275C>G.
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, biochemical abnormalities and pathogenic variants among children with Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency detected by neonatal screening. Methods A total of 2 730 852 newborns were screened from January 2016 to December 2021 with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Suspected SBCAD deficiency patients were diagnosed by urine organic acid analysis and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis. The clinical, biochemical and genetic changes of the confirmed cases were analyzed, in addition with guidance for diet and life management, L-carnitine supplement, and survey of growth and intellectual development. Results Twelve cases of SBCAD deficiency were diagnosed, which yielded a prevalence of 1/227 571. The lsovaleryl carnitine (C5) of primary screening blood samples was between 0.6 and 2.1 μmol/L, all exceeded the normal range. C5/acety1 carnitine(C2) was between 0.02 and 0.12, with 6 cases exceeding the normal range. C5/propionyl carnitine (C3) was between 0.1 and 1.16, with 5 cases exceeding the normal range. Free carnitine (C0) was between 18.89 and 58.12 μmol, with 1 case exceeding the normal range. Three neonates with abnormal screening results were recommended to have appropriate restriction for protein intake and two were given L-carnitine. During follow-up, their C5 has ranged from 0.22 to 2.32 μmol/L, C5/C2 has ranged from 0.01 to 0.31, C5/C3 has ranged from 0.14 to 1.7. C5 or C5/C2 and C5/C3 were transiently normal in all patients except for case 8 during the neonatal screening and follow-up. C0 was 17.42 ~ 76.83 μmol/L Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 of the 12 cases, and 2-methylbutyroglycine was elevated in 8 cases. Urine organic acid analysis was carried out in 9 cases, and 2-methylbutyrylglycine was increased in 8 cases. Genetic analysis was carried out for 11 children, and in total 6 ACADSB gene variants were identified, which included 4 missense variants (c.655G>A, c. 923G>A, c. 461G>A, c. 1165A>G), 1 frameshift variant (c.746del) and 1 nonsense variant (c.275C>G). Among these, the c. 461 G>A variant was unreported previously. The most common variants were c. 1165A>G (40.9%) and C. 275C>G (22.7%). The patients were followed up for 18 days to 55 months. Only one patient had mental retardation, with the remainders having normal physical and mental development. Conclusion SBCAD deficiency is a rare disease. The detection rate of newborn screening in this study was 1/227 571. Early intervention can be attained in most asymptomatic patients through neonatal screening. In this study, the common gene variants are c. 1165A>G and c. 275C>G.
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