目的 分析3例X连锁多内分泌腺病肠病伴免疫失调(IPEX)综合征患儿的临床特点及基因变异情况。 方法 总结复旦大学附属儿科医院2013年1月24日至2019年7月29日收治的3例IPEX综合征患儿的临床特点、实验室检查与基因检测的结果、治疗及预后的情况。 结果 3例患儿均于婴幼儿期起病，其中1例以糖尿病伴酮症酸中毒为首发症状，2例以腹泻起病。3例患儿均有消化道受累的表现，其中1例经内镜及病理检查诊断为极早发炎症性肠病。3例患儿中有2例合并内分泌腺受累，其中1例表现为1型糖尿病伴甲状腺球蛋白及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体阳性，但随访未发现甲状腺功能异常；另1例表现为甲状腺功能低下，予左旋甲状腺素治疗。3例患儿均携带FOXP3基因错义变异，包括c.1222G>A(p.V408M)、c.767T>C(p.M256T)和c.1021A>G(p.T341A)。1例经异基因造血干细胞移植治疗后症状缓解，1例予生物制剂加胰岛素治疗后病情稳定，另1例出生后3个月因难治性脓毒性休克及多器官功能衰竭夭折。 结论 FOXP3基因变异相关的IPEX综合征可能具有起病早、临床表现多样的特点。对于婴幼儿期起病的慢性腹泻伴多内分泌腺或多系统受累的男性患儿，需警惕IPEX综合征的可能性，尽早通过基因检测进行诊断和治疗，并为遗传咨询提供依据。 Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Methods Three patients with IPEX syndrome diagnosed at the Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 24, 2013 to July 29, 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical features, laboratory investigations and results of genetic testing were summarized. Treatment and prognosis were also explored. Results All of the three children had developed the disorder during infancy. One child had initial features including diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis, whilst the other two had initiated by diarrhea. All patients had gastrointestinal involvement, and one was diagnosed as very early onset inflammatory bowel disease by colonoscopy and biopsy. Two children also had endocrine glands involvement. One child had manifested type 1 diabetes and positivity for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies, though his thyroid function had remained normal. Another one had hypothyroidism and was treated by levothyroxine. Genetic testing revealed that all children had harbored missense variants of the FOXP3 gene, including c. 1222G>A (p.V408M), c. 767T>C (p.M256T) and c. 1021A>G (p.T341A). The clinical symptoms of one patient were alleviated following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One patient was stable after treatment with infliximab plus insulin, and one child had died of refractory septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at 3 months old. Conclusion FOXP3 gene variant-associated IPEX syndrome may have very early onset and diverse clinical manifestations. For male patients with infantile onset chronic diarrhea, multiple endocrine or multiple system involvement, genetic testing is recommended, which may facilitate early diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling.
Clinical features and genetic analysis of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome due to variants ofFOXP3 gene
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of three patients with Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Methods Three patients with IPEX syndrome diagnosed at the Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 24, 2013 to July 29, 2019 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical features, laboratory investigations and results of genetic testing were summarized. Treatment and prognosis were also explored. Results All of the three children had developed the disorder during infancy. One child had initial features including diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis, whilst the other two had initiated by diarrhea. All patients had gastrointestinal involvement, and one was diagnosed as very early onset inflammatory bowel disease by colonoscopy and biopsy. Two children also had endocrine glands involvement. One child had manifested type 1 diabetes and positivity for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies, though his thyroid function had remained normal. Another one had hypothyroidism and was treated by levothyroxine. Genetic testing revealed that all children had harbored missense variants of the FOXP3 gene, including c. 1222G>A (p.V408M), c. 767T>C (p.M256T) and c. 1021A>G (p.T341A). The clinical symptoms of one patient were alleviated following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One patient was stable after treatment with infliximab plus insulin, and one child had died of refractory septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at 3 months old. Conclusion FOXP3 gene variant-associated IPEX syndrome may have very early onset and diverse clinical manifestations. For male patients with infantile onset chronic diarrhea, multiple endocrine or multiple system involvement, genetic testing is recommended, which may facilitate early diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling.
Immune dysregulationPolyendocrinopathyEnteropathy, X-linkedFOXP3 geneVery early onset inflammatory bowel diseaseDiabetes
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