首页|维奈克拉联合化疗治疗遗传学中高风险急性髓系白血病的疗效及对抗凋亡家族蛋白差异化表达的影响

维奈克拉联合化疗治疗遗传学中高风险急性髓系白血病的疗效及对抗凋亡家族蛋白差异化表达的影响

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目的 评价维奈克拉(VEN)联合化疗治疗具有不良遗传学特征的初治成年急性髓系白血病(AML)患者的疗效及对凋亡蛋白表达的影响。 方法 2019年4月至2022年5月内蒙古医科大学附属医院收治的38例AML患者,11例为遗传学中风险,27例为遗传学高风险。采用随机数字法将患者分为化疗组(18例)和VEN+化疗组(20例)。化疗组患者接受2个周期的诱导化疗[伊达吡星(或柔红霉素)+阿糖胞苷]和6个周期的强化化疗(阿糖胞苷)。VEN+化疗组患者在化疗组治疗方案的基础上口服VEN。采用Western blot方法检测患者初诊及强化化疗后骨髓血抗凋亡家族蛋白骨髓细胞白血病蛋白1(MCL-1)和B细胞淋巴瘤2(BCL-2)的表达。 结果 VEN+化疗组患者的客观缓解率(ORR)为90.0%,高于化疗组(55.6%,P=0.012)。化疗组患者的平均PFS为17.9个月,平均OS为21.3个月,VEN+化疗组患者的平均PFS为27.1个月,平均OS为32.2个月,均优于化疗组(P值分别为0.038和0.004)。在遗传学中风险患者中,化疗组ORR为80.0%(4/5),平均PFS为27.9个月,VEN+化疗组ORR为100%(6/6),平均PFS为32.0个月,两组差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.251和0.582)。在遗传学高风险患者中,化疗组ORR为46.2%(6/13),平均PFS为11.1个月,VEN+化疗组ORR为85.7%(12/14),平均PFS为23.7个月,均优于化疗组(P值分别为0.029和P=0.002)。在化疗组中,M5型患者(7例)和非M5型患者(11例)的平均PFS分别为20.0和15.45个月,差异无统计学意义(P=0.298),但在VEN+化疗组中,M5型患者(8例)和非M5型患者(12例)平均PFS分别为19.6和30.2个月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。VEN+化疗组患者最常见的3~4级不良反应为白细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血和感染,与化疗组比较,发生率均未明显增加。Western blot检测显示,VEN能够持续抑制不同FAB分型AML患者骨髓有核细胞中BCL-2蛋白的表达,但VEN仅能使M5型患者骨髓有核细胞中MCL-1蛋白的表达水平提高。 结论 VEN联合强化化疗对具有不良遗传学特征的初治AML患者有较好的近远期疗效,且未增加不良反应。MCL-1蛋白的异常表达可能是导致VEN耐药的重要因素。 Objective This was an open-label observational assessment aimed to evaluate whether venetoclax (VEN) plus chemotherapy could enhance the therapeutic benefits for treatment-naive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with adverse cytogenetic profiles. Methods A total of 38 adult patients (including 11 patients with moderate risk stratification and 27 patients with high risk stratification) who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from April 2019 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two cohorts according to the random number method to receive single intensive chemotherapy (18/38) alone or VEN+intensive chemotherapy (20/38), respectively. The chemotherapy cohort received 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy (idarbicin or daunorubicin plus cytarabine), followed by 6 cycles of consolidation chemotherapy (cytarabine), while the treatment for the VEN + chemotherapy cohort consisted of the same chemotherapy as above plus oral VEN. Heparinized bone marrow samples were obtained from patients at enrollment de novo and post chemotherapy. The expressions of MCL-1 and BCL-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Patients with VEN+chemotherapy showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 90.0% (18/20), compared with 55.6% (10/18, P=0.012) of the chemotherapy group. Meanwhile, the VEN + chemotherapy cohort gained more benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the chemotherapy cohort (mean PFS: 27.1 months versus 17.9 months, P=0.038 mean OS: 32.2 months versus 21.3 months, P=0.004). For patients with moderate risk stratification, there were no differences in the ORR and PFS between the chemotherapy cohort and the VEN + chemotherapy cohort: the ORR was 80.0% (4/5) versus 100% (6/6, P=0.251), and the PFS was 27.9 months versus 32.0 months (P=0.582). Moreover, the ORR was 85.7% (12/14) for the VEN+chemotherapy cohort and 46.2% (6/13) for the chemotherapy cohort in the high risk profile (P=0.029). The PFS of the VEN+chemotherapy cohort was superior to the chemotherapy cohort in the high risk profile (mean PFS: 23.7 months versus 11.1 months, P=0.002). Meanwhile, in the chemotherapy cohort, there were no difference in the PFS between FAB-M5 patients and non-FAB-M5 patients the mean PFS was 20.0 months versus 15.5 months (P=0.298) for the two groups. Nevertheless, FAB-M5 patients were inferior to non-FAB-M5 patients in PFS in the VEN + chemotherapy arm (mean PFS: 19.6 months versus 30.2 months, P=0.031). The most frequent grade 4 hematological toxicities (therapy related) were leukopenia and thrombopenia. Grade 3/4 hematological adverse events in patients treated with VEN+chemotherapy were not increased compared with those who received chemotherapy. Western blot showed VEN continuously decreased the expression of BCL-2 proteins in both FAB-M5 and non-FAB-M5 patients, but obviously increased the expression of MCL-1 proteins only in FAB-M5 patients. Conclusions VEN combined with intensive chemotherapy have yielded high ORR and survival advantages for de novo AML patients with poor cytogenetics profiles. The high-expression of MCL-1 may drive resistance to VEN.
Effect of venetoclax plus chemotherapy on treatment-naive acute myeloid leukemia patients with moderate to poor cytogenetic profiles and the combination's influence on the expression of proteins of the anti-apoptoic family
Objective This was an open-label observational assessment aimed to evaluate whether venetoclax (VEN) plus chemotherapy could enhance the therapeutic benefits for treatment-naive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with adverse cytogenetic profiles. Methods A total of 38 adult patients (including 11 patients with moderate risk stratification and 27 patients with high risk stratification) who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from April 2019 to May 2022 were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized into two cohorts according to the random number method to receive single intensive chemotherapy (18/38) alone or VEN+intensive chemotherapy (20/38), respectively. The chemotherapy cohort received 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy (idarbicin or daunorubicin plus cytarabine), followed by 6 cycles of consolidation chemotherapy (cytarabine), while the treatment for the VEN + chemotherapy cohort consisted of the same chemotherapy as above plus oral VEN. Heparinized bone marrow samples were obtained from patients at enrollment de novo and post chemotherapy. The expressions of MCL-1 and BCL-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Patients with VEN+chemotherapy showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 90.0% (18/20), compared with 55.6% (10/18, P=0.012) of the chemotherapy group. Meanwhile, the VEN + chemotherapy cohort gained more benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the chemotherapy cohort (mean PFS: 27.1 months versus 17.9 months, P=0.038 mean OS: 32.2 months versus 21.3 months, P=0.004). For patients with moderate risk stratification, there were no differences in the ORR and PFS between the chemotherapy cohort and the VEN + chemotherapy cohort: the ORR was 80.0% (4/5) versus 100% (6/6, P=0.251), and the PFS was 27.9 months versus 32.0 months (P=0.582). Moreover, the ORR was 85.7% (12/14) for the VEN+chemotherapy cohort and 46.2% (6/13) for the chemotherapy cohort in the high risk profile (P=0.029). The PFS of the VEN+chemotherapy cohort was superior to the chemotherapy cohort in the high risk profile (mean PFS: 23.7 months versus 11.1 months, P=0.002). Meanwhile, in the chemotherapy cohort, there were no difference in the PFS between FAB-M5 patients and non-FAB-M5 patients the mean PFS was 20.0 months versus 15.5 months (P=0.298) for the two groups. Nevertheless, FAB-M5 patients were inferior to non-FAB-M5 patients in PFS in the VEN + chemotherapy arm (mean PFS: 19.6 months versus 30.2 months, P=0.031). The most frequent grade 4 hematological toxicities (therapy related) were leukopenia and thrombopenia. Grade 3/4 hematological adverse events in patients treated with VEN+chemotherapy were not increased compared with those who received chemotherapy. Western blot showed VEN continuously decreased the expression of BCL-2 proteins in both FAB-M5 and non-FAB-M5 patients, but obviously increased the expression of MCL-1 proteins only in FAB-M5 patients. Conclusions VEN combined with intensive chemotherapy have yielded high ORR and survival advantages for de novo AML patients with poor cytogenetics profiles. The high-expression of MCL-1 may drive resistance to VEN.

Acute myeloid leukemiaVenetoclaxEfficacyCytogenetics profilesMyeloid cell leukemia 1

黄彬涛、赵卫红、王志玲、向彩霞、王书亚

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内蒙古医科大学附属医院血液科,呼和浩特010059

内蒙古医科大学附属医院消化内科,呼和浩特010059

急性髓系白血病 维奈克拉 疗效 细胞遗传学 骨髓细胞白血病蛋白1

内蒙古医科大学面上项目内蒙古自治区自然科学基金

YKD2022MS0142023LHMS08015

2024

中华肿瘤杂志
中华医学会

中华肿瘤杂志

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.908
ISSN:0253-3766
年,卷(期):2024.46(2)
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