摘要
重症神经是重症医学的重要分支。重症神经患者具有高病死率、高致残率及预后差等特点。生物标志物S100钙结合蛋白B（S100B）是一种主要分布于大脑星形胶质细胞的蛋白质类生物标志物。研究表明S100B的表达水平和分布异常与重度创伤性脑损伤、脑卒中、脓毒症相关性脑病、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病、中枢神经系统感染等多种重症神经疾病的进展和预后显著相关。因而，S100B的检测可能有助于神经损伤早期识别和严重程度评估，并筛选出存在预后不良和长期残疾风险的患者以便提早采取相应的干预措施。靶向S100B也可能是神经重症患者脑保护治疗的潜在靶点。本文对S100B在重症神经领域的临床与基础研究进展作一综述，以期为后续的研究工作提供指导。
Abstract
Neurocritical care is an important branch of critical care medicine. Neurocritical care patients characterize with poor prognosis, ie. high mortality and high disability rate.S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) is a protein biomarker mainly distributed in astrocytes of brain. Previous studies have shown that abnormal expression and distribution of S100B were significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of serveral neurocritical care diseases such as severe traumatic brain injury, stroke, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, hypoxie-ischemic encephalopathy, and central nervous system infection. The detection of S100B may valuable in the early identification and severity assessment of neurological injury, and in screening patients with poor prognosis and long-term disability risk for early intervention. Targeting S100B may be a potential target for future brain-protective therapy in neurocritical care patients. This article reviews the clinical and basic research progress of S100B in the field of severe neurological diseases, in order to provide guidance for the subsequent research work.
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