Advances in the transmission of novel coronavirus through water and filter-feeding shellfish
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to pose a serious threat to the lives and health of vulnerable people,such as those who are elderly or immunocompromised.Clarifying and cutting off the various transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are key means to scientifically prevent and control the pandemic and protect vulnerable people.In addition to the respiratory route of transmission,the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through water or food as a vector has not been definitively confirmed.Filter-feeding shellfish can accumulate a variety of pathogens in water bodies and are important vectors for the spread of foodborne viruses.However,whether filter-feeding shellfish can also enrich and transmit SARS-CoV-2 is controversial.This paper provided a systematic review of the potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 from patient feces through contaminated water,enrichment by filter-feeding shellfish,and eventual infection of the human gastrointestinal tract.The attenuation rate of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in natural waters and the risk of enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 by filter-feeding shellfish were summarized emphatically.Synthesizing the available evidence,it has been concluded that there is potential for fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to populations,and people may become infected through direct contact with patient feces;however,the risk of infecting SARS-CoV-2 through contact with water or through the consumption of filter-feeding shellfish was found to be very low in areas with well-developed sewage treatment systems.
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2fecal-oral transmissionwater bodyfilter-feeding shellfish
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