首页|对抗焦虑:词人身份观念的自觉与演进

对抗焦虑:词人身份观念的自觉与演进

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词人身份观念的自觉与演进隐含着词作者对抗作为"大他者"的儒学价值所带来的焦虑的过程."词人"在词出现之前,多指长于文辞的人或辞赋的作者,常被儒家价值体系排斥在外.词作者在南宋获得身份自觉,便挪用了"词人"作为专门称呼,形成"词人—文人"身份模式.这与南宋身份较低的专业文人没有沉重的儒学思想包袱密切相关.北宋时词的内容多被认为与作者真实情感无关,被排除在"言志"的儒家诗学传统之外.直到明代,"词如其人"成为不言自明的观念,作者与作品的同一关系被建立起来,词成为可以表露"志"的文体,这是进入儒学文体谱系、消弭身份焦虑的前提.随着清代学术风气转向实证,作为经生的学者参与到词的创作中,常州词派以学术思维从事词的创作和研究,形成了"学人之词",进而形成"词人—学者"的身份观念.至此,词人身份彻底结束了与儒学价值偏离所带来的焦虑.这样的身份观念也促成了传统词学的形成,进而影响到现代词学的发展.
Confronting Anxiety:Consciousness and Evolution of the Identity Concept of Ci Writers
The study of author's identity is an important dimension of literary research.In the field of Ci,most scholars focus on the objective identity phenomenon of lyricists,using it as an opportunity to discuss how authors write.However,there is a scarcity of discussion on the concept of the identity of Ci Writers.Ci has been detached from the Confucian value of being the Big Other since its inception,which has also led to the constant anxiety of deviation when literati participate in the creation of Ci.During the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties,being skilled in writing Ci was often not considered something to boast about,and the content of the Ci was not considered to be related to the author's own sentiments.The self-awareness and evolution of the identity concept of Ci Writers imply a process of the anxiety brought about by the lyricist's resistance to the Confucian values of being the Big Other.Attaining an exclusive title signifies the lyricist's self-awareness of their identity.Prior to the emergence of Ci,Ci Writers(Ciren)often referred to individuals skilled in literary expressions or authors of Ci Fu,frequently finding themselves excluded from the Confucian value system.During the Southern Song Dynasty,lyricists acquired a heightened self-awareness of their identity and formally adopted"Ci Writers"as a specialized title.The meaning of Ci Writers includes a pre-understanding of their identity:deviating from orthodoxy,carrying identity anxiety,and holding the potential for upward mobility.During the Northern Song Dynasty,lyricists held a dual identity of literati and Ci Writers,yet they lacked conscious awareness of the identity of Ci Writers,and failed to develop a concept of compatibility with this dual identity.In contrast to the Northern Song Dynasty,the status of literati in the later period of the Southern Song Dynasty was relatively diminished.They wandered on the edge of Confucian values,without the weighty burden of Confucianism.Consequently,they confronted both their professional literati roles and the identity of Ci Writers,evolving an identity pattern of"Ci Writers-Literati".It can be said that the transformation of the identity of literary authors in the Southern Song Dynasty from literati to professional literati was the motivation for the conscious acquisition of their identity as Ci Writers.It did not imply the elimination of anxiety but rather a compromise with reality prompted by the modesty of their own identity during moments of anxiety.To overcome the anxiety of identity imposed by Confucianism on the author,inclusion in the Confucian literary genre based on the principle of"expressing one's will"becomes imperative.In the Northern Song Dynasty,the content of Ci was often considered unrelated to the author's genuine emotions,leading to its exclusion from the Confucian poetic tradition of"expressing one's will".Only during the Ming Dynasty did the concept of"Ci as its author"become self-evident,transforming Ci into a genre capable of articulating one's"will".This transformation served as a prerequisite for entering the Confucian literary genre,ultimately leading to the elimination of identity anxiety.As the academic atmosphere of the Qing Dynasty shifted towards positivism,scholars who studied Confucian classics(jingsheng)participated in the creation of Ci.The identity consciousness of Changzhou scholars as"literati-jingsheng"transitioned into the study of Ci,establishing the identity pattern and concept of"Ci Writers-scholars".This allowed them to express their academic thoughts through Ci.The identity of Ci Writers,as an extension of their academic identity,became mutually supportive,facilitating the complete elimination of identity anxiety imposed by Confucianism.The formation of the identity concept led scholars,who were most deeply influenced by Confucianism,to participate in the creation of Ci,thereby causing the academic transformation of Ci and contributing to the maturation of Ci as a discipline of study in the Qing Dynasty.For these scholars,the study of Ci encompassed both self(viewing themselves as authors)and others(considering Ci as the object of study).This identity concept has also endured in modern Ci studies due to its closed and inherited nature,evolving into a collective unconsciousness that significantly influences the development of Ci studies.

Ci writersidentity consciousnessanxietyCi as its author

刘泽华、彭国忠

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华东师范大学 中国语言文学系,上海 200241

词人 身份观念 焦虑 词如其人

国家社会科学基金重大项目

20&ZD275

2024

浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)
浙江大学

浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.431
ISSN:1008-942X
年,卷(期):2024.54(4)
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